surface
US
/ˈsɝːfɪs/
UK
/ˈsɜːfɪs/
Meaning
The outside or top layer of something, especially the part you can see or touch.
किसी चीज़ की बाहरी या ऊपरी परत, जिसे आप देख या छू सकते हैं।
Examples
“The table has a smooth surface that is easy to clean.”
“Oil spread across the surface of the water.”
“Please clean the surface before you apply the paint.”
Useful patterns
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Common mistakes
Not natural: The keys are in the surface of the table.
Better: The keys are on the surface of the table.
Use “on” for something resting on the outside or top layer, not “in.”
ऊपरी परत पर रखी चीज़ के लिए “on” कहें, “in” नहीं।
Not natural: Surface of the water was covered with leaves.
Better: The surface of the water was covered with leaves.
Use “the” before “surface” when referring to a specific, known layer.
किसी खास सतह की बात करते समय “surface” से पहले “the” लगाएँ।
Word Relationships
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Target word
Learner tip
Use “on the surface” for something resting on the outer layer; “in” usually means inside or beneath it.
ऊपरी परत पर रखी चीज़ के लिए “on the surface” कहें; “in” आमतौर पर अंदर या नीचे होने का मतलब देता है।